![]() Graphene oxide (GO) is a graphene-based material that has gained significant interest in the last two decades 1, 2 due to its straightforward, scalable, and low-cost synthesis. ![]() The ab initio modeling highlights the uniqueness of GO structures for applications as innovative membranes for desalination and water purification. Finally, we evidence that GO is chemically active in water, acquiring an average negative charge of the order of 10 mC m −2. We demonstrated the specific properties of GO in water, an unusual combination of both hydrophilicity and fast water dynamics. We construct chemically accurate GO models and study their behavior in water, showing that oxygen-bearing functional groups (hydroxyl and epoxides) are preferentially clustered on the graphene oxide layer. Here, we bridge the gap between simple computational models and complex experimental systems, by realistic first-principles molecular simulations of graphene oxide (GO) in liquid water. What sort of alcohol you get depends on the carbonyl compound you started with - in other words, what R and R' are.Graphene oxide is a rising star among 2D materials, yet its interaction with liquid water remains a fundamentally open question: experimental characterization at the atomic scale is difficult, and modeling by classical approaches cannot properly describe chemical reactivity. One of the key uses of Grignard reagents is the ability to make complicated alcohols easily. (I am using the normally accepted equation ignoring the fact that the Mg(OH)Br will react further with the acid.)Īn alcohol is formed. In the first stage, the Grignard reagent adds across the carbon-oxygen double bond:ĭilute acid is then added to this to hydrolyse it. The reactions are essentially identical to the reaction with carbon dioxide - all that differs is the nature of the organic product. It is much easier to understand what is going on by looking closely at the general case (using "R" groups rather than specific groups) - and then slotting in the various real groups as and when you need to. The reactions between the various sorts of carbonyl compounds and Grignard reagents can look quite complicated, but in fact they all react in the same way - all that changes are the groups attached to the carbon-oxygen double bond. General Reaction between Grignards and carbonyls What you end up with would be a mixture of ordinary hydrated magnesium ions, halide ions and sulfate or chloride ions - depending on which dilute acid you added. That is actually misleading because these compounds react with dilute acids. The usually quoted equation is (without the red bits):Īlmost all sources quote the formation of a basic halide such as Mg(OH)Br as the other product of the reaction. A carboxylic acid is produced with one more carbon than the original Grignard reagent. ![]() Typically, you would add dilute sulfuric acid or dilute hydrochloric acid to the solution formed by the reaction with the CO 2. The product is then hydrolyzed (reacted with water) in the presence of a dilute acid. Dry carbon dioxide is bubbled through a solution of the Grignard reagent in ethoxyethane, made as described above. In the first, you get an addition of the Grignard reagent to the carbon dioxide. Grignard reagents react with carbon dioxide in two stages.
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